Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2002
Subject: Close reading close readings
It's nice that Andrew
Rathmann is serializing these close readings (I like the project
and its recurrence): it provides a recurrent, intermittent feature to
the List, one of a different type than the vaguer but necessary opinionation
and merchandise/reading promotion, --- sort of like television commericals
or public service announcements interrupting regular programming. Brian
Kim Stefans used to post "micro-reviews" of books on-List,
similarly. One risk is that it can seem like "practice" for
grown-up review-writing elsewhere, as Stefans indeed "graduated"
to stop posting such here and publishing reviews in the likes of The
Boston Review. Consistent with Andrews' stated endorsement of on-line
poetry, he helpfully is relying on URL-trailable examples. But it's
good, too, that Lawrence Upton takes Andrew to task for the somewhat
gratuitous, casual assertions. (Then some Punch and Judy head-bopping!)
Especially as one of the main features of these close readings, proceeding
out of their over-all departure from the general rule of dialogue/symposium
that governs the List, is to ignore any subsequent dialogue they spur
(most of the close readings have been trailed by responses that Andrew
does not answer ["when the girls came out to play Georgie Porgie
ran away"-ism]), some of which replies, like the one about drag
and blackface, are more "potent," memorable and volatile than
the close readings themselves.
But given the ambivalence
toward criticism that keeps variously expressing itself on the List,
criticism itself should not be allowed to escape with its own transparencies
and subterfuges, better in turn that it too should be subjected to close
reading, to determine how its stylistic prerogatives succeed in maintaining
a power position over the text in question (the real outcome of Roland
Barthes' "Death of the Author" criticism, despite the
earlier misinterpretations and objectionable gay-bashing that passed,
like the attack on drag, unchallenged here ["Barthes, a frustrated
gay writer, had to force himself into the critic-closet & his revenge
was . . .", "while Foucault went to SF for the actual
jouissance of MS, with unhappily lethal results]: the post-authorial
critic is revealed and self-confessed to be a repertoire of rhetorical
tropes, too. The "good" critic, like Barthes, should deconstruct
himself, simultaneously).
Tomorrow, I'll go on a diet
and eat only macrobiotic snacks, make parfaits using Rice Dream recipes.
It interests me, as someone
who has published a handful of criticism/reviews that I vainfully pride
myself upon, how the close readings (narrowly?) imitate a particular
stripe of review-writing, readings that may be "close" but
that are unadventurous in their style, reproducing a mode of extant
criticism rather than wrenching after an innovative approach to the
very role of critic itself. Reviews are a genre and the genre characteristics
assert themselves with unconscious force, I'm all too aware: thus, glib
cleverness like "have her persimmons and eat them too". ["Eat"?
Did someone say "eat"?] Some others (like Lisa Samuels'
"deformative criticism" or Benjamin Friedlander's tracings
over previous criticism in Qui Parle, or the sort of neo-criticism
that Telling It Slant advertises itself on, etc. . . . or even
Tom Beckett's fleeting use of Tracing Paper criticism) take the
interesting gauntlet of criticism to be that the critic now needs to
depart from pre-designated and adopted modes as much as the poets under
study. In a book like A Wild Salience, essays about Rae Armantrout,
it even seems that "poets' criticism" equals the poems under
discussion themselves in obscurity.
My chest is covered with
a Hansel and Gretel trail of snack food, such as Cracker Jacks and Wheat
Thins, handfuls of General Mills cereals, that I stuff my mouth with,
gluttonously chomping, chomping as I type with my "free" hand,
rolling along the floor to the scale to weigh myself again: yep, over
600 lb.
This familiar shadow of
established critical tactics in the close readings, or sense of deja-vu
(deja-lire), is there but somewhat difficult to pinpoint in the
close readings --- a tendency toward, as Lawrence objected, unsubstantiated
generalization; a structure that begins with an in media res
assertion of either a question ("Why has the pun become so ubiquitous
a device . . . ?"; "Who said the lyric speaker was dead?"),
the proverbs of a canonical hero ("Heidegger says something
to the effect . . ."), an imaginary controversy ("Language
writing's censorship of the individual voice", "The works
of a number of younger poets, especially post-MFA poets, reflect a desire
to get out of the workshop mode") that concerns itself with surveying,
in fact, not the close reading of a single poem but continually
treating poets as a sort of flock, multitude, concerned with what ~many~
poets are doing and then deducing down from that bird's-eye view, ---or
such, which introduction becomes the pretext for a loosely drawn "issue"
or ersatz critical thought which the close reading is then played off
of (so that the tension of the close reading is displaced onto how the
text addresses that straw dog issue, defusing the protagonist-antagonist
relation between poet and critic, . . . a checkmate that still, as in
provoking Lawrence's objection, filters through [pyoo?]).
But the general flavor
that is left, and that is so familiar from prior criticism, is the disappearance
act of the close reader into a semi-objectivized stance, an impersonalization,
ironically, at the same time as taking exception with the de-personalized
poetic mode. Compare, instead, other critical (earlier) modes, such
as Melville's "Hawthorne and His Mosses" [title??],
for example, where the critical posture was effusive, rapturous, even
eroticized enthusiasm and self-depiction (Melville portraying himself
as chancing upon the book and reading it lying down in hay in a barn
or open field), or Pound's schizo-critical correspondences, which
critiqued by frothing at the mouth. The movement toward feminist "personal
criticism" called that impersonal façade "Archimidean"
(in the sense of: give me a point outside the world and I will be able
to move the world with a lever), and regarded it as untrustworthy because
it erases its basis in gender, class, and such.
Later, I can eat a Beef
Jerky Yum. Salty meat snacks.
(http://www.unclechucksbestbeefjerky.com/
http://www.primecountry.com.au/
http://www.texasbestjerky.com/
http://www.wildwestjerky.co.uk/
http://www.acmebrand.com/
http://www.somethingsmokin.com/
http://www.vermonter.com/beefjerky/
http://www.azjacks.com/
http://www.jerkyusa.com/).
Curiously, the close readings
are able to keep the pressure of re-personalization stifled for only
so long, and they habitually end with striking frequency (unconscious
self-imitation) on a valedictory sentence where the strain it takes
to keep "I" out of the picture falters and the first person
(singular or plural) re-enters only to depart, much like the similar,
well-known habit of pronouns at the closing line of a John Ashbery
poem ["I promise the sun was a switch, or tickler", "if
we should ever get to know them", "We may live more patently
. . .", "I think / the theme created itself . . .", etc.,
etc., etc., from Can You Hear, Little Birdie or elsewhere].
Rathmann close reading closing
sentences, after an otherwise "I"-hygenicized critical screen:
"I myself think her refusals of solemnity pay off in many cases",
"At least we can see . . .", "I think poetry is better
served by Option #2", "I wonder if [Rebecca] Wolff
will become more song-like".